10 X 2024: Matthias Sandberg (Universität Münster), There and back again: the princeps humilis and the Late Antique Empire

Abstract

The presentation examines the transformation of the Roman imperial image, with a particular focus on the reign of Theodosius II (408–450). The reign of Theodosius II represents a deviation from the traditional Roman model of emperorship, which was typically defined by military strength and the emperor’s presence on the battlefield. In contrast, Theodosius espoused a model of imperial rule rooted in Christian piety.

One pivotal event that exemplifies this transformation is the 447 earthquake in Constantinople, which caused significant damage to the city’s fortifications amidst the imminent threat of the Huns. In lieu of commanding his troops in battle, Theodosius opted to lead a public, barefoot prayer procession outside the city’s gates. This act symbolised a collective plea for divine intervention, thereby positioning Theodosius as a princeps humilis, seeking divine assistance rather than relying solely on military prowess.

 

The presentation demonstrates how rituals of humility became integral to imperial authority in late antiquity, reflecting broader Christian values interwoven with traditional elements of imperial representation.